數位聯展

This study examines whether the visible presence of public services reduces daily shortages in Southern Africa. Using Afrobarometer Round 9 data from 23,076 respondents across 16 countries, the analysis compares observed service availability with reported shortages. Results show that while services are associated with lower shortages, significant gaps remain. Cash access has the highest mismatch, and rural areas face greater service reliability issues. The findings highlight that visibility alone is not enough—reliability is essential.